THE MOST SUCCESFUL THEORY IN PHYSICS, The Standard Model

What is the Standard Model?

If you ask any physicist about what the most useful and successful scientific theory is when it comes to explaining observable and quantum behavior, I bet that nearly all of them will tell you about the standard model. But why is it so vital in our modern-day understanding, well that's because it provides the building blocks to understanding matter's properties and the 4 fundamental forces ( except gravity since it's yet to be united with quantum theory, for the time being, the graviton has taken its place but it has yet to be proven or discovered). The model describes particles that make up the famous particles of the atom the proton, neutron, and electron, it also describes how the particles interact using a quantized version of each force. Also, particles can have a different value for many different variables such as spin, mass, and charge.
To further understand the standard model, here is a nice explanation from CERN, one of the most famous particle colliders that aided in the discovery of the model, "The theories and discoveries of thousands of physicists since the 1930s have resulted in a remarkable insight into the fundamental structure of matter: everything in the universe is found to be made from a few basic building blocks called fundamental particles, governed by four fundamental forces. Our best understanding of how these particles and three of the forces are related to each other is encapsulated in the Standard Model of particle physics. Developed in the early 1970s, it has successfully explained almost all experimental results and precisely predicted a wide variety of phenomena. Over time and through many experiments, the Standard Model has become established as a well-tested physics theory."

Standard Model from Wikimedia Commons

Understanding the 4 Subcategories of the Standard Model

There are 4 sections of the standard model as seen above, this part of the blog will be separated into 3 parts to explain the categories

Bosons: 
In particle physics, forces are represented by bosons. They are considered force carriers that transfer the fundamental forces between the particles. There are 4 main fundamental forces and they are the origin of each all the forces we observe. 
The forces are gravity (represented by the hypothetical graviton), electromagnetic (represented by photon), the strong force (represented by the gluon), and the weak force (represented by the W and Z boson). Details of each will be in the next subtopic.

Matter (Leptons and Quarks):
All matter is made up of these two categories: Leptons and Quarks
The main difference between them is that leptons can exist freely while quarks cannot (they can't exist individually). Leptons also have neutrinos which follow around each lepton and balance it out. Both set of particles have an anti-set of particles, but that's for another blog.

The Higgs, THE GOD PARTICLE : 
NEXT SUBTOPIC WILL BE ABOUT THE GOD PARTICLE, THE HIGGS BOSON BE READY

CERN Hadron Collider from NY Times

​Difference between Lepton and Quark from differencebetween.com